Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are mixtures of 200-plus individual chlorinated compounds (known as congeners). PCBs were used in many applications like coolants and lubricants in transformers, capacitors, and other electrical equipment because they don’t burn easily and are good insulators. The manufacture of PCBs ended in the U.S. in the late 1970s because they can cause harmful effects to human health and the environment. PCBs can be found in sources such as fluorescent light ballasts and electrical devices with PCB capacitors, hydraulic oils, and building materials. PCBs are toxic, highly persistent in the environment, and bioaccumulate. There are no known natural sources of PCBs.

Although the Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) is a lead regulatory agency for site cleanups in California, engagement with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) is required when addressing PCB- contaminated sites. Since Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) PCB regulations are not delegated, U.S. EPA is the regulatory lead for the cleanup of PCBs under the TSCA PCB cleanup requirements in 40 CFR 761. For more details, see Section A(4)(e), PCB FAST (PCB Facility Approval Streamlining Toolbox.)

If PCBs are detected at levels that may require cleanup:

1. DTSC will notify U.S. EPA of PCB contamination before full characterization/ cleanup plan formulation.
2. U.S. EPA may require additional PCB characterization and/or information to determine if TSCA applies.
3. If U.S. EPA determines PCBs are not subject to TSCA, DTSC will remain the lead, and U.S. EPA may be available for technical support.
4. If subject to TSCA, U.S. EPA will assume the lead only for the cleanup of PCBs, will review reports and other deliverables, and will continue to closely coordinate with DTSC on site-specific PCB matters.
5. Some contaminants (e.g., chlorobenzene) that U.S. EPA cannot address under TSCA may enhance the mobility of PCBs. In those situations, U.S. EPA will work closely with DTSC in the context of impacts on the cleanup of PCBs.
6. If an institutional control is needed because PCBs are left in place above the unrestricted land use goals, DTSC will implement a Land Use Covenant in consultation with U.S. EPA; see Section III-B.10, PCB FAST.